Bagna Caùda
Bagna Caùda (meaning 'hot bath' in Piedmontese dialect) is a warm olive oil, garlic, and anchovy sauce. Thinly sliced garlic is simmered in olive oil until sweet and tender, then anchovies are melted into the oil before finishing with butter.
History & Origins
Originating in the Middle Ages in Piedmont, where salt and anchovies were imported from Liguria. It was historically a peasant dish eaten together around a central burner called a 'sotto-camerino'.
The Science
Salt-cured anchovies are rich in glutamic acids. Simmering them causes the muscle tissue to dissolve completely into a rich, umami oil suspension. The butter binds the oil and garlic juices into a temporary warm emulsion.
Technique
Cook the garlic on the absolute lowest heat. The garlic must soften and sweeten; if it browns or turns crispy, it will turn bitter, spoiling the delicate anchovy base.
Common Mistakes
Using poor quality anchovies. Since anchovies are the soul of the sauce, cheap ones will leave a fishy, metal aftertaste. Use olive-oil packed fillets.
Chef's Notes
Serve this dish in a fondue pot or small burner to keep the sauce warm and emulsified during eating.